Copyright and creative commons.
Most people want to feel mastery over anything they are good at. This is why they get upset if they are not agnolaged and or compistated for their work. Because for this the use of other peoples work needs to have limitation put on it.
Using someone work or building on it can make the person feel like they have been cheated this is why we have copyright law. It allows people to feel like they have be reconised for their work and rewarded for putting in effort. I think this is a fair thing as with out this there would be no insentive to work on anything.
On the other hand I believe it is unfair for one person to own an idea. All work comes form somewhere nomatter how origional it seems, this means it would be hypercitital in my opinion to them prevent other people from building on previous ideas.
In research this is important because unlike onther mediums information normally can not directly be owned. Research, esically that which uses the scientific method normally need to build appon previous research. Becasuse of this it becomes an ethical issue for if we reference others work.
Referencing other work is important to incorrage others to share their ideas in a way which they can be built appon and not corse the hording of information like research dragon.
Ethics
Ethics cover what we do outside of law, inplace of law and inspite of law. The fundermental idea behind it is not can I do something but is it ‘right’ to do it. This normally include things like copy right, how experments are carried out and what information is shared.
Senario One
Unethical. The posting of an images to a blog without editing it prevents the origional cretor form gaining from the images as you are using the image for it’s base purpose without compinsation.
Senerio Two
Unethical. I don’t thing testing a potentially harmful drug on people on it’s own is a bad thing. I also thing the assumtion for a lot of the people who enroll in these kind of studies are that they will be a risk. My problem is more that most of the people who enroll in this study are likely desperate. This could lead them to making some unwise deasions. Additionally I don’t thing there is enought time for properly corective treatment for the plasebo group.
Senerio Three
I don’t know. Depends on the sort of drug. But generally this is a bad pratics as it discorages ALL form of journalisic sorces as people are worred that you will give them up. So I proberly would say unethical.
Senerio Four
Firstly you don’t seem to have properly debrief the child you kicked out of your experiment. That is one of the most basic parts of ethical studies of humans. Secondly can you ever properly debrief a child. Thirdly if this is mean to have an impact on someone who are you going to undo it?
Senerio Five
This could be etical but there are proper protocals for this sort of thing to make sure no damge is done.
Ethical. You are in a public place no one is exected to have full privacy, espically if they are doing something wrong.